Clinical Depression: Symptoms & Treatment
Clinical depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a mental health condition that causes a persistently low or depressed mood and a loss of interest in activities that once brought joy. It’s more than just a bout of the blues; depression isn’t a weakness and you can’t simply “snap out” of it. It’s a serious condition that requires long-term treatment.
Symptoms of Clinical Depression
People with clinical depression often experience:
- Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
- Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
- Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities
- Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
- Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
- Changes in appetite — reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain
- Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
- Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
- Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
- Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
- Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches
Causes of Clinical Depression
The exact cause of MDD is often unknown. However, it’s believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Occasionally depression can result from certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism. Psychological trauma or stress are important factors in predisposing and exacerbating the condition.
Treatment for Clinical Depression
Treatment for clinical depression usually involves medication and psychotherapy. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Citalopram, Escitalopram, Sertraline increase the serotonin levels in the brain which is known to control emotions. Antidepressants like Bupropion, Mirtazapine, Imipramine, Nortriptyline help relax the mind.
Psychotherapy involves talking about the condition and related issues with a mental health professional. Brain stimulation therapy impacts the function and effect of neurotransmitters to relieve depression. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulates nerve cells in the brain which are involved in mood regulation and depression.
Prevention of Clinical Depression
While there’s no sure way to prevent depression, certain strategies may help. These include controlling stressful events to boost self-esteem, reaching out to family and friends especially in times of crisis, getting quality sleep and having a healthy sleep routine, managing stress with healthy coping mechanisms, practicing regular self-care activities such as exercise, meditation and yoga.
Remember, if you or someone you know is exhibiting symptoms of Major depressive disorder, seek medical attention immediately.
Conclusion
Clinical depression is a serious mental health condition that requires understanding and proper treatment. If you’re struggling with depression, remember that you’re not alone. Reach out to healthcare professionals who can provide the help that you need. There’s no shame in seeking help. In fact, getting help is a sign of strength.
Remember: It’s okay not to be okay. But with the right help and support, it will be okay.
